What is Encryption?
The process of converting readable data into an unreadable format using mathematical algorithms, so only authorized parties with the correct key can decode it.
In plain English
Encryption is like putting a letter in a locked box before mailing it. Even if someone intercepts the package, they can't read the contents without the key. The letter is useless to anyone except the intended recipient who holds the matching key.
How it works
Encryption uses algorithms and keys to transform plaintext into ciphertext. Symmetric encryption uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt (like AES). Asymmetric encryption uses a public key to encrypt and a private key to decrypt (like RSA). Data should be encrypted both 'at rest' (stored on disk) and 'in transit' (moving over networks via HTTPS/TLS).
Why it matters for AI-built apps
Regulations like GDPR and HIPAA require encryption of personal data. AI-generated apps often store sensitive information — passwords, payment details, personal data — without any encryption layer. If your database is ever breached, unencrypted data is immediately usable by attackers. Encryption is your last line of defense.
Common issues
Using outdated algorithms (MD5, SHA1 for passwords), storing encryption keys alongside the encrypted data, not encrypting data at rest in the database, transmitting sensitive data over HTTP instead of HTTPS, and using ECB mode which leaks data patterns. AI tools may generate code using deprecated or weak encryption methods.
Best practices
Use HTTPS everywhere — no exceptions. Encrypt sensitive database fields at rest using AES-256. Use bcrypt or argon2 for password hashing (which is a one-way form of encryption). Store encryption keys separately from encrypted data, ideally in a key management service. Use TLS 1.3 for data in transit. Never implement your own encryption algorithm.
Frequently asked questions
What's the difference between encryption and hashing?
Encryption is reversible — you can decrypt data back to its original form with the right key. Hashing is a one-way function — you can't recover the original data from a hash. Use encryption for data you need to read later (like credit card numbers). Use hashing for data you only need to verify (like passwords).
Is HTTPS enough to protect my users' data?
HTTPS protects data in transit between the browser and your server, but not data at rest. If your database is breached, HTTPS won't help. You need encryption at rest for sensitive fields like personal information, payment data, and any regulated data.
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